Health
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
This study has systematically investigated the effect and safety of alendronate on bone density in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this study, by reviewing more than 75 articles and by searching keywords such as: Safety of alendronate, bone density, chronic kidney disease, the issue has been ...
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This study has systematically investigated the effect and safety of alendronate on bone density in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this study, by reviewing more than 75 articles and by searching keywords such as: Safety of alendronate, bone density, chronic kidney disease, the issue has been investigated. Alendronate tablet with the English name Alendronate is one of the well-known drugs for patients with osteoporosis and others who are exposed to this disease. Most of its users are postmenopausal women and people who have been treated with corticosteroids for any reason. The results of the present study showed that this drug slows down the activity of cells that play a role in bone decomposition. Therefore, its consumption can be effective in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of fractures, especially in the elderly. This drug does not help reduce the pain caused by a broken bone, and patients should use other treatment methods to relieve their pain. It is not known whether NSAIDs increase the need for dialysis. Therefore, the available data do not confirm the safety of NSAIDs in patients undergoing surgery. More studies involving patients with other health problems are needed. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more at risk of developing osteoporosis (bone weakening), which can often lead to bone fractures. The results of this study showed that this drug may cause ulcers and erosions in the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach), which can sometimes be severe. Symptoms of this condition may include heartburn, difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing, chest pain, vomiting blood, or black or bloody stools. Tell your doctor immediately if you have these symptoms.
Health
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study systematically investigated the relationship between sex hormones and leptin in men. In this study, 70 articles were reviewed and the subject was investigated by searching the words "Leptin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex hormone". Leptin is a hormone derived from adipose tissue ...
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The present study systematically investigated the relationship between sex hormones and leptin in men. In this study, 70 articles were reviewed and the subject was investigated by searching the words "Leptin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex hormone". Leptin is a hormone derived from adipose tissue that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are among the complications of obesity. Hyperinsulinemia is one of the factors that seems to affect the leptin hormone level. Few studies have investigated the relationship between leptin and insulin resistance in obesity in children and adolescents. Leptin is made by fat cells, and for this reason, with the presence of these cells and the increase in messaging, when the leptin hormone increases, the message of satiety is sent to the brain; As a result, the person reduces his food consumption. However, sometimes due to the excessive increase of leptin caused by eating sweet and fructose-containing foods, the brain loses its sensitivity to the leptin hormone and does not receive the message of satiety. For this reason, leptin hormone and obesity are related to each other; But their relationship cannot be considered linearly. In many cases, after testing the obesity hormone leptin, the doctor concludes that a person who is overweight has developed a strong resistance to the hormone leptin; Therefore, by prescribing some solutions, such as reducing the amount of fruit consumption, increasing the regularity and hours of rest and sleep, reducing the consumption of sugary foods and changing the diet, as well as consuming enough water, it tries to increase the sensitivity of the brain to the leptin hormone. The results of the recent study showed that the relationship between leptin and insulin resistance was weak and after controlling for body mass index, the relationship disappeared.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic ...
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In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on meal size and daily food intake throughout the ovarian cycle and a cyclic inhibitory effect during the peri-ovulatory phase. Removal of estrogen leads to changes in meal size and duration, hyperphagia, and obesity. Estrogen has similar effects in humans where it modulates periovulatory decreases in daily food intake. Additionally, reductions in estrogen are associated with changes in body weight and fat distribution in humans, which parallel the findings in animals. Estrogen has the ability to control energy balance, food intake, and body fat distribution and this may be mediated through its interaction with orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. This review aims to explore these interactions and discuss the link between estrogen and obesity. Differences in adipose mass and distribution and glucose homeostasis in males and females have been attributed at least partly to sex steroids. Menopause is characterized by reduced estrogen production and a shift in adipose distribution from peripheral to central accumulation. Hyper androgenization in polycystic ovarian disease is associated with central (visceral) obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, ERα deficiency resulted in a decrease in energy expenditure with no change in food intake. Estrogen regulates energy balance through the central nervous system, as evidenced by the development of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in response to injection of ERα RNAi into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Medicine
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Since its release, ChatGPT has taken the world by storm with its utilization in various fields of life. This review's main goal CHATGPT is a CHATGPT developed by Open AI. This robot is trained with the help of artificial intelligence on a large amount of data to learn language ...
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A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Since its release, ChatGPT has taken the world by storm with its utilization in various fields of life. This review's main goal CHATGPT is a CHATGPT developed by Open AI. This robot is trained with the help of artificial intelligence on a large amount of data to learn language patterns. In the medical application of CHATGPT, the main topic is the conversation between doctors and patients. Method: In this study we searched in Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed databases and by searching with keywords such as "Nursing Services", "Importance of CHATGPT” and “Medical Education” during 2018-2024 to obtain articles related to the selected keywords. This innovation has the potential to automate daily tasks such as generating patient records or writing reports. By studying more than 45 articles about CHATGPT and the role of artificial intelligence in medicine, the results of this study showed that CHATGPT, with its very high potential, can play an important role in the field of interactions between humans and artificial intelligence and intelligent systems in the future. Results: The move towards the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, which is informed by patient information, can provide more personalized and clinically accurate answers to patients. Also, according to the findings of this research, it can be said: Automating administrative functions, scheduling visits, simplifying notes, checking insurance approvals for drugs, and other repetitive daily tasks can reduce the focus on administrative tasks and more time for providing medical care in to authorize the personnel. Conclusion: In this research, the researchers noticed the mistakes of CHATGPT chat bot in creating cancer treatment programs. According to these researchers, this chat bot had provided one-third of its answers in the field of designing treatment programs with incorrect information.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ...
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The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) assay is a sequential 2-step immune enzymatic (sandwich) method. The patient sample is added to the reaction vessel along with paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibody against sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and saline buffer with protein. After incubation in a reaction vessel, the materials attached to the solid phase are held in a magnetic field. while unbound materials are washed away. A second monoclonal anti-SHBG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase is added to the reaction vessel. After the second incubation in the reaction vessel, the material attached to the solid phase is held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. Next, the chemiluminescent substrate is added to the dish and the light produced by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. Light production is directly proportional to SHBG concentration in the sample. The amount of analyte in the sample is determined from a stored multipoint calibration curve. In men, about 45-65% of blood testosterone is normally bound to SHBG, and the rest is weakly and reversibly bound to albumin (the main blood protein). Only about 2-3% of testosterone is immediately available to tissues as free testosterone, but testosterone that is weakly bound to albumin is also biologically active and can be easily absorbed by body tissues. In women, compared to men, testosterone binds slightly more to SHBG in the blood. In women, SHBG plays an important role in regulating the levels of male sex hormones and estrogens in the body.
